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Opioids
People dependent on heroin or other opioids may be offered structured treatment that includes medicines such as methadone or buprenorphine, psychosocial support and harm-reduction measures.[NHS]
Cocaine and other stimulants
Stimulant problems can involve strong cravings, binge patterns, sleep disruption, anxiety, low mood and cardiovascular risk. Treatment is usually psychosocial rather than based on a standard substitute medicine.
Cannabis
Cannabis can become difficult to control and may be associated with dependence, withdrawal symptoms, anxiety or worsening mental health in some people. A careful mental-health assessment is particularly important when paranoia, psychotic symptoms or severe anxiety are present.
Benzodiazepines and prescription medicines
Dependence can develop on some prescribed medicines. This does not automatically mean the person has an addiction. Abrupt stopping can sometimes be unsafe, so medication changes should be planned with an appropriate clinician.
NHS guidance states that people needing help for drug problems are entitled to treatment in the same way as anyone else with a health problem.
What this page is anchored to
We summarise guidance in original plain English. Open the primary sources if you want to check the underlying recommendations.
Harm reduction matters
Reducing overdose and infection risk, providing naloxone where appropriate, safer injecting support and testing or treatment for blood-borne viruses can save lives while a person works toward broader recovery goals.
This page provides general educational information and does not replace assessment or advice from a healthcare professional. If you are worried about severe withdrawal, overdose, immediate danger or a mental health emergency, use our urgent help guidance.